Review: ‘The Storytelling Animal: How Stories Make Us Human’ by Jonathan Gottschall

From the very first pages of The Storytelling Animal, Jonathan Gottschall captivates readers with a compelling assertion: stories are much more than mere tools for communication—they are, fundamentally, the language of the brain. This bold premise sets the stage for an exploration into the intrinsic role of narrative in human life, illustrating how deeply intertwined stories are with our cognitive processes, emotions, and social interactions.

People are Narrative Machines

Gottschall’s analysis begins with an examination of how people become deeply engrossed in diverse narratives, from the magical realms of Hogwarts to the dramatic spectacles of professional wrestling, and even the transformative visions of home improvement shows. He posits that the human mind is innately structured to seek out stories, identifying characters, conflicts, and conclusions as essential components of this cognitive quest. This natural predilection for stories explains why narratives can grip us so completely and why, in their absence, we actively seek them out.

However, Gottschall extends his discussion beyond the realm of entertainment. He argues convincingly that stories do much more than amuse or distract. They are crucial for understanding the relationships between people, events, and ideas. When individuals engage with a narrative, they do not merely absorb information; they enter into the story, temporarily leaving reality behind. This immersion has profound effects—it makes people more susceptible to changing their minds, more open to new ideas, and more likely to make different choices than they might in the non-narrative course of daily life.

One of the most intriguing aspects of The Storytelling Animal is its exploration of how stories shape personal identity and social norms. Gottschall delves into how individuals use narrative to construct their self-identity, weaving personal experiences, aspirations, and fears into coherent life stories. This narrative self-construction helps individuals make sense of their past, navigate the present, and project into the future. It also plays a critical role in fostering empathy, as stories allow us to live vicariously through others, experiencing emotions and situations that are not our own.

“When we read nonfiction, we read with our shields up. We are critical and skeptical. But when we are absorbed in a story, we drop our intellectual guard. We are moved emotionally, and this seems to leave us defenseless.”

The Dark Side of Stories

The book also examines the darker side of storytelling. Gottschall discusses how narratives can be manipulated to distort perceptions and reinforce prejudices. The power of story, he warns, is not only a force for good but can also be harnessed to mislead and control. This dual nature of storytelling makes it a potent tool in politics, marketing, and media, where it can be used to shape public opinion and consumer behavior. Here, the author provides a critical analysis of how stories can create and perpetuate myths, sometimes to detrimental effect.

Gottschall’s insights are particularly relevant in the context of branding and advertising. He illustrates how in a world inundated with choices, brands that tell the most compelling stories often prevail. These narratives create emotional connections with consumers, making products or services stand out in a crowded marketplace. He provides examples of successful brands that have leveraged storytelling not just to sell products but to create communities and inspire movements.

The book further explores the role of stories in education and therapy, highlighting how narrative techniques can enhance learning and aid in psychological healing. Stories, Gottschall suggests, can simplify complex information, making it more digestible, engaging, and memorable. In therapeutic settings, narratives can help individuals process experiences and emotions, leading to greater self-awareness and recovery.

Throughout The Storytelling Animal, Gottschall supports his assertions with a wealth of research from neuroscience, psychology, and literature. He blends scientific analysis with anecdotes and examples from popular culture, making his arguments both authoritative and accessible. The narrative itself is a testament to the power of stories—it is engaging, enlightening, and deeply persuasive.

Mindfulness and Ethics in Storytelling

As the book concludes, Gottschall calls for a greater appreciation of the power of stories in shaping human culture and individual lives. He urges readers to become more mindful of the narratives they consume and create, recognizing their potential to influence not just personal choices but also societal values and behaviors.

In summary, The Storytelling Animal by Jonathan Gottschall is a profound exploration of the essential role that narrative plays in human life. It is a thought-provoking journey through the ways stories inform and transform us, making it an invaluable read for anyone interested in understanding the mechanisms by which narratives shape our world. Whether you are a marketer, educator, therapist, or simply someone who loves stories, this book offers deep insights into the narrative condition of being human.